HWU has a large body of researchers within the Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences with capabilities ranging from theoretical modelling through to practical photonic engineering. The AOP group specialises in two areas. The first is development of laser based manufacturing processes. Previous work has included surface functionalisation (friction, hydrophobicity, surface structures), machining of difficult to process materials (glasses, ceramics, carbon fibres), and ultra-short pulse laser applications (glass-glass welding, glass-metal welding, waveguide inscription etc.). Secondly we have expertise in optical metrology particularly fibre optic based measurements in hazardous or difficult to access areas. Previous work has involved point or distributed measurements of fluid flow, gas composition, temperature, strain, pressure etc.